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Rabu, 23 April 2014

ERROR ANALYSIS

ERROR ANALYSIS
  1.  There are much books in the library.
  2. A group of students are discussing the homework.
  3. The president of Iran or the president of Turkey are attending the meeting.
  4. Neither they nor my sons never does the school task.
  5. Not only my mother but also my father have been in London. 

ANSWERS

  1.  There are much book in the library.
  2. A group of student are discussing the homework.
  3. Either the president of Iran or the president of Turkey are attending the meeting.
  4.  Neither they nor my sons never do the school task.
  5. Not only my mother but also my father has been in London. 

The Origin Of The Name Of The City in Indonesia

PALEMBANG




Palembang City is the oldest city in Indonesia at least 1382 years old if based Srivijaya inscription known as Notch Hill. According to the inscription which dates to the year June 16, 682. At that time the ruler of Srivijaya established Wanua in the area now known as Palembang city. According to the topography, the city is surrounded by water, even submerged by water. The water is sourced either from rivers or swamps, rain water also. Even today there is still a city of Palembang 52.24% of land were flooded by water (based on 1990 statistical data). Likely because the condition is that the ancestors of the people of this city named this city as Pa-dent in the Malay language as the word Pe Pa or appoint a place or situation, while coquettish meaning valley or low ground, valley swollen with long roots submerged in water (according to Malay dictionary), while according to the Malay-Palembang, dent or coquettish was puddle. So Palembang is a place that was flooded by water.

Water becomes a vital means of transportation, economical, efficient and got the coverage and have a high-speed. In addition to natural conditions, as well as the strategic location of Palembang city, within a single a network capable of controlling traffic between the three union territories:

High Land West Sumatra, namely Bukit Barisan Mountains.
The area of foot of hill or piedmont and meeting children when entering lowland rivers.
The area of northeast coast.
Third unitary local region is that determine factor in the formation of cultural pattern that is civilization. Local factors such as network and commodities with high frequency has been formed first and managed to encourage local people create growth pattern of high culture in South Sumatra. Local factors that make Palembang city, the capital of Srivijaya, which is a political and economic power in the classical era in Southeast Asia. Triumph Sriwijaya Palembang Darussalam Sultanate taken by the imperial era as a respected associate Nusantara region.

Srivijaya, as well as other forms of government in Southeast Asia at that time, the form known as Port-polity. Understanding Port-polity simply began as a redistribution center, which is slowly taking over some form of increased progress contained in the broad spectrum. Growth center of the Polity is entrepots generating additional wealth and cultural contacts. These results were obtained by local leaders. (in terms of pr Srivijaya was datu), the result is a basis for the use of economic power and political control in Southeast Asia. There are interesting posts from Chinese chronicles Chu-Fan-Chi, written by Chau Ju-Kua in the 14th century, tells the story of Srivijaya as follows: The country is located in the southern sea, master foreign trade traffic in the Strait. In ancient times the port using an iron chain to hold the pirates who intend evil. If any foreign boats came down the chain. Once the coast was clear again, the chain was removed. The boats that pass without a stop in port surrounded by boats owned by the kingdom and attacked. All the crew-boat crews brave death. That is why the country into a shipping center.

BANDUNG


Bandung is the capital of West Java province. The city is the fourth largest city in Indonesia after Jakarta, Surabaya, and Medan, according to Central Bureau of Statistics. The city is also the second largest metropolitan city in Indonesia after Jakarta. Bandung also gave birth to many famous musicians, so the Bandung got the nickname City of Musicians. In ancient times it was known as Parijs van Java (Dutch) or "Paris of Java" and never intended to be the capital of the Dutch East Indies. Bandung is located in the highlands, so that more cool air when compared to other big cities in Indonesia.

Bandung save history is important for Indonesia. In this city stands the first engineering college in Indonesia (Technische Hoogeschool, now ITB), a site of battles during the Revolution of Independence, and also become the venue for the Asian-African Conference in 1955, a meeting that voiced the spirit of anti-colonialism, and even the Prime Minister of India Jawaharlal Nehru in his speech said that Bandung is the capital city of the Asia-Africa. Bandung is one of the main destinations of tourism and education.

The word "Bandung" is derived from the word weir or dam because terbendungnya Citarum river by the lava of Mount Tangkuban Perahu ago to form a lake. Legends told by old people in Bandung, said that the name "Bandung" is taken from a water vehicle which consists of two boats tied up alongside a boat called bandung used by the Regent of Bandung, RAWiranatakusumah II, to navigate to the Ci Tarum in finding the locus of a new district to replace the old capital in Dayeuhkolot.

Another interesting activity that is currently the latest style of its own in the community is to visit the center of used goods in Pasar Gede Bage, Dalem Kaum area, and several shops that specifically provides second-hand goods at cheap prices, such as: Babe, Rasek, etc. . And there are also places that provide goods at a price that is cheaper and usually the goods can be purchased in bulk, such as: New Market (around the Square of Bandung), Andir Market, Etc.It also can visit the shops shoes and bags in Bandung, such as Elizabeth, Edward Forrer, Regions Cibaduyut, etc.

BANGKA BELITUNG


Bangka Belitung Islands Province region consists of two large islands of Bangka and Belitung islands and small islands. Before the capitulation Tutang Bangka and Belitung islands are conquered area of Sriwijaya, Majapahit and Mataram. After that, Bangka Belitung became the British colony and later implemented handover to the Dutch government in Muntok held on December 10, 1816. In the Dutch colonial period, there was no resistance incessantly by Barin Depati then continued by his son, named Pangkal Pinang and ended with the exile to Kupang, East Nusa Tenggara by the Dutch Government. During the colonial period was a lot of wealth in the island is taken by the colonizer.

Bangka Belitung Islands Province established as a province to 31 by the Government of the Republic of Indonesia in accordance with Law No. 27 Year 2000 on the Establishment of Bangka Belitung Islands Province was previously a part of South Sumatra Province. This provincial capital is Pangkalpinang.

Another interesting thing is the story about the background history of independence. The founders of the Indonesian people had thrown to first turned out to Bangka. Bung Karno, Bung Hatta and his friends had time to live life as an exile in the city Muntok. Recorded traces of their struggle is still strong among the public with the presence of two historic buildings namely Wisma Ranggam and Pesanggrahan Menumbing. In this two-building visitors can see relics such as the former's room, Bung Karno and is often used when their car was in Bangka.

To see the development of tin mining there in Pangkalpinang Tin museum and the Museum of Geology at the Pacific Islands who also presents a collection of various weapons and Pacific Islands cultures.

Culture of Bangka Belitung province

Besides beaches, Bangka is also known by its cultural diversity. From local culture to the culture of "Import" which brought the settlers. Cultural diversity is what would later become important assets for developing tourism.

Bangka island surrounded by ocean, like a paradise-a paradise for fishermen. That piece of mirror on the cultures of fishermen on the island once known as producer of tin.

During its development, the community background of Bangka, mostly fishermen, apparently also influence the growth of the local culture. Although the current lifestyle of the people of Bangka has begun to shift, which contains elements of local culture still remains strong coloring fishermen life aspects of the society. At least this time there are two major cultural events associated with the fishermen, that is, the ceremony marked kasan and dispose jong.

In addition there are cultural rituals are influenced by religious elements, while the lion dance performances representing the cultural arts community entrants (Tionghoa)

But among the many cultural rituals in Bangka, sedulang sepintu ceremony may have special meanings. This is a ritual that illustrates the unity of the people of Bangka.

MAKASSAR


Formerly called Ujung Pandang, the city of Makassar is the largest city in east Indonesia. Capital of South Sulawesi, Makassar enjoys a central location in the Indonesian archipelago and today Makassar is Indonesia’s busy air hub, connecting Sumatra, Java, Bali and Kalimantan in the west with Sulawesi, the Moluccas and Papua in the east.  

In fact,  ever since the 14th. century Makassar was already known as a thriving sea port where merchant vessels from far away China, India and Cambodia called regularly to trade in silks, tea and porcelain in exchange for cloves, nutmeg and pearls from the Moluccas and gold and forest products from Makassar and its hinterland.  And when in the 16th century the Europeans discovered the sailing route to the coveted Spice Islands, the Spanish and Portuguese made Makassar their important entrepot to store valuable spices before shipment to Europe. 

Meanwhile, in this southern peninsula of Sulawesi, the Bugis, Makassar and Mandar ethnic groups, known for their seafaring prowess and boat building skills, had already developed powerful kingdoms that encouraged trade, fishery, rice cultivation as well as literature and the arts. The Bugis epic poem I la Galigo is a recognized masterpiece in Bugis literature, as are the graceful dances and bright silk costumes of court dancers with their richly decorated accessories of wide gold bangles, opulent necklaces and tiaras. 

In 1667 however, through the Treaty of Bungaya, Dutch merchants succeeded to oust the Portuguese and Spanish from Makasssar to make this port their stronghold, banning other Europeans from trading in Makassar.   The Dutch destroyed the fort of Ujung Pandang  built by the king of Gowa in 1545, and fortified this into Fort Rotterdam, which today still stands prominently on the waterfront of Makassar, while the king of Gowa was allowed to stay at Fort Somba Opu. 

Many Makassar aristocrats who refused to be dominated by the Dutch, left the city and settled in Kalimantan , the Riau Islands and present-day  Malaysia. The sultans of Selangor and Johore are Bugis descendents as are the sultans of Kutai Kartanegara in east Kalimantan.

Located on the busy trading route along the deep Straits of Makassar, the city of Makassar is a bustling cosmopolitan town with settlement of many races and ethnic groups, of Chinese, Europeans, Javanese, Balinese, Ambon and others, where local and international cargo ships continue to call at its busy port. While at its traditional port of Paotere, Bugis pinisi schooners can be seen lining the quay to unload goods from near and far away islands, and various types of fishing prahus, such as the pantorani, the lepa-lepa and the sandeq unload the day’s catch.  
Today Makassar is also a university town, where youth from all over the islands, especially from the eastern archipelagos gather to gain higher education.

MEDAN


Medan has had several major incarnations. The plains were once used as a battlefield between the kingdoms of Aceh and Deli (the word medan translates as ‘field’ or ‘battlefield’) from the end of the 16th century to the early 17th century.

But more importantly, Medan was a planter’s trading post, a civilised district of tidy lanes and open-air cafés for society-deprived plantation owners. An enterprising Dutch planter named Nienhuys introduced tobacco to the area in 1865, which ushered in prosperity, imported Chinese labourers and investment in infrastructure. In 1886 the Dutch made it the capital of North Sumatra and by the end of Dutch rule the population had grown to about 80, 000.

Once the Dutch were kicked out, Medan tossed off its starched uniform and grew as it pleased. A wealthy merchant class, mainly of ethnic Chinese, dominates the cosmopolitan side of town, while a handful of ethnic tribes from all over Sumatra make do in the run-down remainder. Animosity towards the Chinese erupted into violent rioting on Medan’s streets on several occasions during the 1990s.

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